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US-EU deal winners and losers

BBC News's profile
Original Story by BBC News
July 28, 2025
US-EU deal winners and losers

Context:

The US and EU have reached a significant trade framework, touted as the largest in history, though many details remain unclear. The deal, while beneficial for Trump who promised major trade agreements, has been criticized for potentially harming US consumers with increased costs due to a 15% tariff on EU goods. This tariff framework has uplifted stock markets and is seen as market-friendly, although the European Union faces internal discord as not all member states agree with the deal's terms. German car manufacturers see a decrease in tariffs for their vehicles exported to the US, but remain concerned about overall costs. Meanwhile, the US energy sector benefits from increased EU purchases, and certain strategic products like aircraft parts will enjoy tariff-free trade, enhancing economic ties between the regions.

Dive Deeper:

  • The trade deal framework between the US and EU is seen as the largest ever, with President Trump securing a significant agreement, though economists suggest the EU may experience a 0.5% GDP drop due to the concessions made.

  • A 15% tariff on EU goods raises concerns for US consumers as it could increase living costs, with companies likely to pass these taxes onto customers, despite being lower than previously feared rates.

  • Stock markets reacted positively to the deal announcement, with the tariff framework providing some investment certainty and potentially boosting the euro's value, according to financial analysts.

  • The agreement faces criticism from within the EU, with some member states dissatisfied and expressing concerns over the bloc's unity, especially amid broader geopolitical tensions such as the situation in Ukraine.

  • German carmakers face a reduced tariff from 27.5% to 15% on vehicles exported to the US, but still voice concerns over the financial impact, while US carmakers benefit from reduced EU tariffs on American-made cars.

  • The pharmaceutical sector experiences uncertainty with conflicting statements about tariff inclusions, disappointing the EU which sought exemptions to maintain robust access to the US market.

  • The deal strengthens US-EU energy ties, with Europe committing to significant purchases of US liquefied natural gas and oil, replacing Russian imports and fortifying energy security.

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