Context:

Investment in subsea cables, which are essential for global communications and AI infrastructure, is surging, with projected spending expected to double to $13 billion from 2022-2024 to 2025-2027. Major tech companies like Meta and Amazon are leading this growth; Meta's Project Waterworth aims to create the world's longest subsea cable, while Amazon's Fastnet will enhance connectivity between the U.S. and Europe. However, concerns regarding cable sabotage have emerged amid geopolitical tensions, prompting NATO and the U.S. to strengthen security measures. The increasing reliance on these cables underscores their critical role in data transmission and the potential impact of disruptions on global communications.

Dive Deeper:

• Over 95% of international data and voice traffic relies on nearly a million miles of underwater cables, which evolved from early telegraph lines to modern fiber optics.

• Meta's Project Waterworth will span 50,000 km, connecting five continents, while Amazon's Fastnet will link Maryland to Ireland with a capacity exceeding 320 terabits per second.

• Experts indicate that most subsea cable damage is accidental, often due to fishing activities or anchoring, but there is a rising concern about intentional sabotage linked to geopolitical tensions.

• Significant incidents of cable damage have impacted internet access, notably when Tonga was cut off after a volcanic eruption severed its only cable in 2022.

• In response to the growing threat of sabotage, NATO launched 'Baltic Sentry' to secure subsea infrastructure, while the FCC is tightening rules on foreign firms involved in U.S. cable projects.

• The FCC's measures are particularly focused on threats from China and Russia, aiming to prevent potential security breaches in subsea cable networks.

• Tech giants like Meta and Amazon deny partnerships with Chinese cable maintenance providers in compliance with U.S. regulations, amid rising scrutiny from lawmakers.