The transition of papal leadership from Pope Francis, who passed away in 2025, involves a complex process steeped in tradition and Latin terminology. The conclave, beginning May 7, is a secretive meeting of cardinals who will elect the new pope by a two-thirds majority vote. The College of Cardinals, composed of 252 members known as 'princes of the church', is responsible for this election, with only those under 80 eligible to vote. The camerlengo, currently Cardinal Kevin Joseph Farrell, manages the Vatican's affairs during the 'sede vacante' period, ensuring continuity until a new pope is chosen. The election is signaled by white smoke emanating from the Sistine Chapel, followed by the proclamation 'Habemus papam', announcing the new pope to the world.

The conclave is a secluded meeting of cardinals that begins on May 7, where they will elect the next pope through a secret ballot until a two-thirds majority is achieved. During this time, cardinals are isolated from external communication to ensure confidentiality and focus.

The College of Cardinals, consisting of 252 members, plays a crucial role in the transition, with only cardinals under the age of 80 eligible to vote for the new pope. The group is led by a dean, but he does not participate in the voting process.

The camerlengo, a cardinal appointed by the pope prior to his death, oversees the Vatican’s administration during the transition period known as 'sede vacante'. His responsibilities include managing the pope's personal effects and ensuring the security of the Vatican until a new pope is elected.

The term 'sede vacante' refers to the period between the reigns of two popes, during which the College of Cardinals maintains oversight but is restricted from making major decisions. Historically, the longest 'sede vacante' lasted over two years due to political disagreements.

Voting results in the conclave are communicated to the public through the color of smoke released from the Sistine Chapel chimney: black smoke indicates no decision, while white smoke signals the election of a new pope. This traditional signal is now accompanied by the ringing of St. Peter’s Basilica bells.

The announcement of a new pope is made from the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica with the phrase 'Habemus papam', meaning 'We have a pope', marking the official introduction of the new leader of the Roman Catholic Church to the world.